Hanrong Zhou #,Mingxia Sun #,Shibo Su #,Liang Meng,Wei Yang,Lan Yang,Xinqi Shi,Xin Li,Haiwei Wang,Hongwei Ma,Xuehui Cai,Yan-Dong Tang,Tongqing An,Fandan Meng

Front Microbiol.2024 Apr 23:15:1387309.doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1387309. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Senecavirus A (SVA) is an important emerging swine pathogen that causes vesicular lesions in swine and acute death in newborn piglets. VP2 plays a significant role in the production of antibodies, which can be used in development of diagnostic tools and vaccines. Herein, the aim of the current study was to identify B-cell epitopes (BCEs) of SVA for generation of epitope-based SVA marker vaccine. Three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), named 2E4, 1B8, and 2C7, against the SVA VP2 protein were obtained, and two novel linear BCEs, 177SLGTYYR183 and 266SPYFNGL272, were identified by peptide scanning. The epitope 177SLGTYYR183 was recognized by the mAb 1B8 and was fully exposed on the VP2 surface, and alanine scanning analysis revealed that it contained a high continuity of key amino acids. Importantly, we confirmed that 177SLGTYYR183 locates on "the puff" region within the VP2 EF loop, and contains three key amino acid residues involved in receptor binding. Moreover, a single mutation, Y182A, blocked the interaction of the mutant virus with the mAb 1B8, indicating that this mutation is the pivotal point for antibody recognition. In summary, the BCEs that identified in this study could be used to develop diagnostic tools and an epitope-based SVA marker vaccine.

Keywords: B-cell epitopes (BCEs); Senecavirus A (SVA); VP2 protein; monoclonal antibodies (mAbs); receptor binding.